Ectoine

A microbial metabolite with photoprotectant and anti-inflammatory activities

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Background

Ectoine is a microbial metabolite that has been found in extremophilic bacteria and has photoprotectant and anti-inflammatory activities.^1,2 It is biosynthesized in bacteria that grow in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures, intensive sun irradiation, and drought, to protect macromolecules against environmental stressors. Ectoine (1 mM) reduces UVA-induced AP-2 activation, ICAM1 expression, and second messenger release in isolated human keratinocytes.¹ In vivo, ectoine (100 mg/kg) reduces intestinal crypt damage, edema, and leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate .²

1.Buenger, J., and Driller, H.Ectoin: An effective natural substance to prevent UVA-induced premature photoagingSkin Pharmacol. Physiol.17(5)232-237(2004) 2.Castro-Ochoa, K.F., Vargas-Robles, H., Chánez Paredes, S., et al.Homoectoine protects against colitis by preventing a claudin switch in epithelial tight junctionsDig. Dis. Sci.64(2)409-420(2019)