Background
Nystatin (Fungicidin) is a polyene antifungal antibiotic [1].
Antifungal antibiotic is a pharmaceutical fungicide used to treat and prevent mycoses.
Nystatin is a polyene antifungal antibiotic that is effective against yeast and mycoplasma [1]. In liquid media, Nystatin inhibited C. albicans at concentrations of 5-20 U/ml[2].
In a 200 clinical isolates, which comprised of 113 Candida albicans, 54 Candida glabrata, 11 Candida parapsilosis, 11 Candida tropicalis and 11 Candida krusei. Nystatin exhibited MIC90 value of 4 mg/L against C. albicans isolates and all non-albicans Candida species tested. The results confirmed C. Albicans was most frequently susceptible and Nystatin could be used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by non-albicans Candida species. Nystatin would be an important choice for women affected by non-albicans Candida species which present higher resistance to the imidazole-based treatments [3].
制霉菌素（Fungicidin）是一种多烯类抗真菌抗生素[1]。
抗真菌抗生素是一种用于治疗和预防真菌病的药物真菌剂。
制霉菌素是一种多烯类抗真菌抗生素，对酵母菌和支原体有有效的抗菌作用[1]。在液体培养基中，制霉菌素以5-20 U/ml的浓度抑制了白色念珠菌（Candida albicans）[2]。
在200个临床分离株中，包括113个白色念珠菌、54个光滑念珠菌、11个副银白念珠菌、11个热带银白念珠菌和11个克鲁氏念珠菌。制霉菌素对C. albicans分离株和所有检测的非白色念珠菌菌株的MIC90值均为4 mg/L。结果证实C. albicans最常易感，制霉菌素可用于治疗由非白色念珠菌菌株引起的阴道念珠菌病。对于对咪唑类药物治疗具有较高抗药性的女性患者，制霉菌素是一种重要选择[3]。
参考文献:
[1]. Childs AJ. Effect of Nystatin on Growth of Candida albicans During Antibiotic Therapy. Br Med J, 1956, 1(4968): 660-662.
[2]. Stewart GT. Laboratory and Clinical Studies with Nystatin in Post-antibiotic Mycotic Infections. Br Med J, 1956, 1(4968): 658-660.
[3]. Choukri F, Benderdouche M, Sednaoui P. In vitro susceptibility profile of 200 recent clinical isolates of Candida spp. to topical antifungal treatments of vulvovaginal candidiasis, the imidazoles and nystatin agents. J Mycol Med, 2014, 24(4): 303-307.
Protocol
| Cell experiment [1]: |
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Cell lines
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Oral Candida species and human buccal epithelial cells
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Preparation method
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The solubility of this compound in DMSO is > 30.5 mg/mL. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 °C for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below - 20 °C for several months.
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Reacting condition
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1 hr
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Applications
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The minimal inhibitory concentrations (μg/mL) of Nystatin for C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. guilliermondii in RPMI broth were 0.78 ~ 1.56, 1.56 ~ 3.12, 3.12, 1.56 ~ 3.12, 0.78 ~ 1.56 and 0.39 ~ 0.78, respectively. Compared with the control group, Nystatin significantly reduced adhesion of 6 Candida species to buccal epithelial cells. However, the adhesion of C. albicans isolates was least affected by Nystatin treatment, which was significantly different from that of the non-albicans species.
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| Animal experiment [2]: |
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Animal models
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Aspergillus-infected, neutropenic mice
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Dosage form
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2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg/day; i.v.
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Applications
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At a dose as low as 2 mg/kg/day, Liposomal Nystatin significantly protected neutropenic mice from Aspergillus-induced death compared to either the no-treatment, the saline or the empty-liposome group. Liposomal Nystatin-treated mice showed no evidence of Aspergillus infection either at day 5 in all of the treatment groups or at day 52 in the 8 mg/kg/day liposomal-Nystatin treatment group.
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Other notes
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Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.
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参考文献:
[1]. Ellepola AN, Panagoda GJ, Samaranayake LP. Adhesion of oral Candida species to human buccal epithelial cells following brief exposure to nystatin. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1999 Dec;14(6):358-63.
[2]. Wallace TL, Paetznick V, Cossum PA, Lopez-Berestein G, Rex JH, Anaissie E. Activity of liposomal nystatin against disseminated Aspergillus fumigatus infection in neutropenic mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 Oct;41(10):2238-43.
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