Background
LRRK2-IN-1 is a potent and selective inhibitor of LRRK2 with IC50 value of 13 nM. [1]
LRRK2 (Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) is also known dardarin. LRRK2 belongs to the leucine-rich repeat kinase family. LRRK2 mostly located in the cytoplasm, however, it also associates with outer membrane of the mitochondrial. LRRK2 interacts with parkin at the C-terminal R2 RING finger domain. Parkin interacted with LRRK2 at the COR domain. LRRK2 mutation will induce apoptotic cell death of neuroblastoma cells. Expression of LRRK2 mutants has a close relationship with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease. The LRRK2 Gly2019Ser mutation is a common cause of familial Parkinson's disease. The Gly2019Ser mutation has been proved to cause Parkinson's disease, even though it is a small number of LRRK2 mutations. LRRK2 also has relationship with Crohn's disease by genomewide association studies.
LRRK2-IN-1 dose-dependent inhibit the activity of wild-type and G2019S LRRK2 with IC50 of 0.17 and 0.04μM respectively in HEK293 cells stably expressing GFP tagged wild-type or mutated LRRK2.[2] LRRK2-IN-1 inhibits the activity of both wild-type and G2019S mutant LRRK2 with IC 50 values of 13 nM and 6 nM respectively in vitro enzyme assay with 0.1 mM ATP. LRRK2-IN-1 competed with ATP. LRRK2-IN-1 has a selective profile compared with other 442 diverse kinases and it has no inhibition effect with LRRK1. LRRK2-IN-1 induced endogenous LRRK2 phosphorylation in lymphoblastoid cells. LRRK2-IN-1 also induced Ser910/Ser935 dephosphorylation of LRRK2 in mice kidney at 100 mg/kg.[1]
参考文献:
[1].?? ?Deng X, Dzamko N, Prescott A, Davies P, Liu Q, Yang Q, Lee JD, Patricelli MP, Nomanbhoy TK, Alessi DR et al: Characterization of a selective inhibitor of the Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2. Nat Chem Biol, 7(4):203-205.
[2].?? ?Hermanson SB, Carlson CB, Riddle SM, Zhao J, Vogel KW, Nichols RJ, Bi K: Screening for novel LRRK2 inhibitors using a high-throughput TR-FRET cellular assay for LRRK2 Ser935 phosphorylation. PLoS One, 7(8):e43580.
Protocol
Kinase experiment: | Active GST-LRRK2 (1326-2527), GST-LRRK2 [G2019S] (1326-2527), GST-LRRK2 [A2016T] (1326-2527) and GST-LRRK2 [A2016T+G2019S] (1326-2527) enzyme is purified with glutathione sepharose from HEK293 cell lysate 36 h following transient transfection of the appropriate cDNA constructs. Peptide kinase assays, performed in duplicate, are set up in a total volume of 40 μL containing 0.5 μg LRRK2 kinase (which at approximately 10% purity gives a final concentration of 8 nM) in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.5, 0.1 mM EGTA, 10 mM MgCl2, 20 μM Nictide, 0.1 μM [γ-32P]ATP (500 cpm/pmol) and the indicated concentrations of inhibitor dissolved in DMSO. After incubation for 15 min at 30°C, reactions are terminated by spotting 35 μL of the reaction mix onto P81 phosphocellulose paper and immersion in 50 mM phosphoric acid. Samples are washed extensively and the incorporation of [γ-32P]ATP into Nictide is quantified by Cerenkov counting. IC50 values are calculated with GraphPad Prism using non-linear regression analysis. |
Cell experiment: | Cells (104?cells per well) are seeded into a 96-well tissue culture plate in triplicate. The cells are cultured in the presence of LRRK2-IN-1 with DMSO as a vehicle at 0, 0.31, 0.63, 1, 2, and 5, 10, and 20?μM. 48?h post treatment, 10?μL of TACS MTT Reagent is added to each well and the cells are incubated at 37°C until dark crystalline precipitate become visible in the cells. 100?μL of 266?mM NH4OH in DMSO is then added to the wells and placed on a plate shaker at low speed for 1?minute. After shaking, the plate is allowed to incubate for 10?minutes protected from light and the OD550?for each well is read using a microplate reader. The results are averaged and calculated as a percentage of the DMSO (vehicle) control +/- the standard error of the mean. |
Animal experiment: | LRRK2-IN-1 is dissolved in Captisol and administered by intraperitoneal injection into wild type male C57BL/6 mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Control mice are injected with an equal volume of Captisol. At 1 and 2 h time points, mice are extinguwashed by cervical dislocation and kidney and brain tissue rapidly dissected and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen. |
参考文献: [1]. Hermanson SB, et al. Screening for Novel LRRK2 Inhibitors Using a High-Throughput TR-FRET Cellular Assay for LRRK2 Ser935 Phosphorylation.PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43580. Epub 2012 Aug 28.
[2]. Deng, Xianming., et al. Characterization of a selective inhibitor of the Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2. Nature Chemical Biology (2011), 7(4), 203-205.
[3]. Koshibu K, et al. Alternative to LRRK2-IN-1 for Pharmacological Studies of Parkinson's Disease. Pharmacology. 2015;96(5-6):240-7.
[4]. Weygant N, et al. Small molecule kinase inhibitor LRRK2-IN-1 demonstrates potent activity against colorectal and pancreatic cancer through inhibition of doublecortin-like kinase 1. Mol Cancer. 2014 May 6;13:103. |
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