Background
Miltefosine is an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling with IC50 value of 34.6±11.7μM, 6.8±0.9 μM when tested with MCF7 and Hela-WT respectively [1].
PI3K (phosphoinositide-3-kinase) family is an important part in the growth factor super-family signaling process, and can be activated by a variety of cytokines and chemical factors. The activation of PI3K can phosphorylate and activate AKT, localizing it in the plasma membrane. The PI3K/Akt pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway which plays an important role in regulating cell cycle, such as cellular quiescence, proliferation, cancer, longevity and so forth [2, 3]. Many studies have shown that PI3K/Akt had abnormal expression in patients with cancer or virus infection.
Miltefosine is an inhibitor for PI3K/Akt signaling. When tested with macrophages infected by human HIV-1 virus, miltefosine showed significant ability to reduce the viral production via inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway [4]. In L6E9 skeltal muscle cell line, treatment of milefosine resulted in the resistance of skeletal muscle cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway [5].
参考文献:
[1].?? ?Rybczynska, M., et al., MDR1 causes resistance to the antitumour drug miltefosine. Br J Cancer, 2001. 84(10): p. 1405-11.
[2].?? ?Bauer, T.M., M.R. Patel, and J.R. Infante, Targeting PI3 kinase in cancer. Pharmacol Ther, 2015. 146c: p. 53-60.
[3].?? ?Minami, A., et al., Connection between Tumor Suppressor BRCA1 and PTEN in Damaged DNA Repair. Front Oncol, 2014. 4: p. 318.
[4].?? ?Chugh, P., et al., Akt inhibitors as an HIV-1 infected macrophage-specific anti-viral therapy. Retrovirology, 2008. 5(11): p. 1742-4690.
[5].?? ?Verma, N.K. and C.S. Dey, The anti-leishmanial drug miltefosine causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells in vitro. Diabetologia, 2006. 49(7): p. 1656-60.
Protocol
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Cell experiment [1]:
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Cell lines
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L6E9 rat skeletal muscle cell line
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Preparation method
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The solubility of this compound in DMSO is limited. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 °C for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below - 20 °C for several months.
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Reacting condition
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10, 20, 40 or 60 μM; 15, 30, 45 or 60 mins
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Applications
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In L6E9 rat skeletal muscle cell line, Miltefosine dose-dependently inhibited insulin-stimulated Akt/PKB phosphorylation, with 75% inhibition at 40 μM and 98% inhibition at 60 μM. Besides, Miltefosine (40 μM for 60 mins) pre-treatment also inhibited insulin-stimulated activation of PI3K, without significant effect on cell survival, cell number, protein content or cell morphology.
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Animal experiment [2]:
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Animal models
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BC-1 cell-xenografted NOD-SCID mice
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Dosage form
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50 mg/kg; i.p.; 5 days a week, for 20 days
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Applications
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Compared with vehicle-treated mice, Miltefosine showed inhibition on the growth rate of tumors. By day 14 after treatment, there was an approximately 50% decrease in the average tumor volume of Miltefosine-treated mice. Immunohistochemical analyses of tumor sections from Miltefosine-treated mice displayed reduced phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 protein which correlated with the delay in tumor progression in the treatment group.
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Other notes
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Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.
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参考文献:
[1]. Verma, N.K. and C.S. Dey, The anti-leishmanial drug miltefosine causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells in vitro. Diabetologia, 2006. 49(7): p. 1656-60.
[2]. Bhatt AP, Bhende PM, Sin SH, Roy D, Dittmer DP, Damania B. Dual inhibition of PI3K and mTOR inhibits autocrine and paracrine proliferative loops in PI3K/Akt/mTOR-addicted lymphomas. Blood. 2010 Jun 3;115(22):4455-63.
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