Background
Ribavirin (ICN-1229) is an antiviral agent against a broad spectrum of viruses including HCV, HIVl, and RSV.
Treatmentof LPS-stimulated microglia with 5, 10 and 20 μM Ribavirin (ICN-1229) induces reduction of NO2 levels for 43% (p<0.05), 53% (p<0.05) and 59% (p<0.05), respectively. Ribavirin (ICN-1229) (10 mM) insignificantly decreases the cell surface area in non-stimulated culture, but significantly reduces cell surface area (by 32%, p<0.05) in LPS-stimulated microglia[3]. Ribavirin (ICN-1229) is active against DENV, with an EC50 of 3 μM in A549 cells, and combination of CM-10-18 with Ribavirin (ICN-1229) demonstrates a clear enhancement in the reduction of virus replication[4].
ALT, AST activities and bilirubin levels are significantly loared by administration of JAT in combination with interferon and Ribavirin (ICN-1229) (p<0.01). JAT, interferon or ribavirin alone with CCl4, livers appear to exhibit some liver protection against CCl4 as evident by the presence of normal hepatic cords, absence of necrosis and lesser fatty infiltration. Groups treated with JAT, Peg-interferon and Ribavirin (ICN-1229) separately or in combination shows reduction in the expression of TGF- β and Bax. In the group treated by triple combination of interferon, Ribavirin (ICN-1229), and JAT, the expression level of p53 is markedly reduced[1]. Ribavirin (ICN-1229) capsules (400 mg of ribavirin)-treated Wistar rats show a significant decrease in activin-A and significant increase in follistatin at the serum and liver levels. Ribavirin (ICN-1229) has strong antiviral activity only when ribavirin is combined with either IFN-α or Peg-IFN-α[2]. Ribavirin (40 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly improves the antiviral efficacy of CM-10-18 in mice. Ribavirin (ICN-1229) inhibits DENV virus infection in cultured cells, but it is ineffective in reducing viremia in monotherapy[4].
参考文献:
[1]. Abdel-Hamid NM, et al. Synergistic Effects of Jerusalem Artichoke in Combination with Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a and Ribavirin Against Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(4):1979-85.
[2]. Refaat B, et al. The effects of pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin on liver and serum concentrations of activin-A and follistatin in normal Wistar rat: a preliminary report. BMC Res Notes. 2015 Jun 26;8:265
[3]. Savic D, et al. Ribavirin shows immunomodulatory effects on activated microglia. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2014 Dec;36(6):433-41
[4]. Chang J, et al. Combination of α-glucosidase inhibitor and ribavirin for the treatment of dengue virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res. 2011 Jan;89(1):26-34
Protocol
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Cell experiment [1]:
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Cell lines
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HeLa S3 cells
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Preparation method
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The solubility of this compound in DMSO is > 10 mM. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 °C for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below - 20 °C for several months.
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Reacting condition
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100 ~ 1,000 μM
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Applications
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HeLa S3 cells pre-treated with 100 μM Ribavirin before the infection with poliovirus at a low multiplicity of infection exhibited a reduction in virus production to 50%. Pre-treatment with 1,000 μM Ribavirin induced a reduction in virus production to 0.00001%.
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Animal experiment [2]:
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Animal models
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H1N1 virus-infected mice
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Dosage form
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40 mg/kg/day
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Applications
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In H1N1 virus-infected mice, Ribavirin in combination with Glycyrrhizin significantly inhibited the lung consolidation by 36%. The combination also exhibited synergetic effect on survival of infected mice. In addition, the combination of Ribavirin and Glycyrrhizin substantially reduced lung virus titer, as well as inhibited H1N1 virus-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β.
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Other notes
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Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.
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参考文献:
[1]. Crotty S, Maag D, Arnold JJ, Zhong W, Lau JY, Hong Z, Andino R, Cameron CE. The broad-spectrum antiviral ribonucleoside ribavirin is an RNA virus mutagen. Nat Med. 2000 Dec;6(12):1375-9.
[2]. Chen XX, Zhou HX, Qi WB, Ning ZY, Ma YJ, Li YL, Wang GC, Chen JX. [Antiviral effects of the combination of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin against influenza A H1N1 virus infection in vivo]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2015 Aug;50(8):966-72.
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