Imipramine (hydrochloride)|113-52-0|安捷凯

Background

Imipramine (hydrochloride) is a tricyclic antidepressant and is mainly used in the treatment of major depression and enuresis [1].

Antidepressants are antagonists of many neurotransmitter receptors in human brain [3].

Imipramine is the first tricyclic antidepressant that acts mainly as an inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine transporters [2]. In radioligand binding assays, imipramine inhibited serotonin and norepinephrine transporters with KD values of 1.4 and 37 nM, respectively [2]. Imipramine is also inhibited histamine H1 receptor, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and α1-adrenergic receptor with Kd values of 37, 46, and 32 nM, respectively [4].

In rodents, imipramine abolished the depressive syndrome produced by the acute administration of reserpine. Imipramine also possessed central anticholinergic activity and attenuate the activity of the centrally acting muscarinic agents tremorine and oxotremorine. Imipramine inhibited the presynaptic uptake of NA and 5-HT, and relatively weak against DA [1].

参考文献:
[1].? Spencer PS. Review of the pharmacology of existing antidepressants. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1977;4Suppl 2:57S-68S.
[2].? Tatsumi M, Groshan K, Blakely RD, et al. Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 Dec 11;340(2-3):249-58.
[3].? Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E. Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65.

Protocol

Animal experiment:

Rats: The Wistar (WIS) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats are divided into four groups: (1) a control WIS rat group, (2) an imipramine-treated WIS rat group, (3) a control WKY rat group and (4) an imipramine-treated WKY rat group. Distilled water (10 mL/kg) or imipramine solution (10 mg/10 mL/kg) is orally administered for 28 days except on the day of the open field test, when nothing is administered in order to avoid the acute effect of single administration on the open field test[5]. Mice: C57BL/6 mice subjected to repeated social defeat (RSD), home cage control (HCC) are randomLy selected into four groups: RSD/imipramine, RSD/vehicle, HCC/imipramine, and HCC/vehicle. Mice in the RSD/imipramine received daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of imipramine (20 mg/kg) for 24 days after the 6 cycles of RSD. HCC/imipramine received daily i.p. imipramine at the same dose while RSD/vehicle and HCC/vehicle groups received i.p. injections of vehicle (sodium chloride, 0.9%) for 24 days at the same time point[3].

参考文献:

[1]. Balkovetz DF, et al. Evidence for an imipramine-sensitive serotonin transporter in human placental brush-border membranes. J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 5;264(4):2195-8.
[2]. Yasuda S, et al. Imipramine ameliorates pain-related negative emotion via induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2014 Nov;34(8):1199-208.
[3]. Ramirez K, et al. Imipramine attenuates neuroinflammatory signaling and reverses stress-induced social avoidance. Brain Behav Immun. 2015 May;46:212-20.
[4]. Erburu M, et al. Chronic mild stress and imipramine treatment elicit opposite changes in behavior and in gene expression in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Pharmacol BiochemBehav. 2015 Aug;135:227-36.
[5]. Nagasawa M, et al. Chronic imipramine treatment differentially alters the brain and plasma amino acid metabolism in Wistar and Wistar Kyoto rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015 Sep 5;762:127-35.
[6]. Tokarski K, et al. Imipramine counteracts corticosterone-induced alterations in the effects of the activation of 5-HT(7) receptors in rat hippocampus. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009 Jun;60(2):83-8.

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Imipramine (hydrochloride)

Imipramine (hydrochloride)详情

Background

Protocol

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