Menaquinone-4 (Vitamin K2)

A homolog of of vitamin K2

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100mg

￥425.00

340.00

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250mg

￥675.00

540.00

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1g

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货号: ajce44758
CAS: 863-61-6
别名: 四烯甲萘醌,Vitamin K2(MK-4); Menaquinone K4
分子式: C31H40O2
分子量: 444.65
纯度: >98%
溶解度: DMSO : 20.83 mg/mL (46.85 mM);Water : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
储存: 4°C, protect from light
库存: 现货

Background

Menaquinone 4 (MK-4) is the predominant homolog of vitamin K₂ and is composed of a naphthoquinone base with four isoprenoid units in the side chain.¹ It is formed primarily via conversion of vitamin K₁ in vivo and accumulates in various tissues, including the brain.^2,3 MK-4 halts the cell cycle at the G phase in HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner.⁴ It also inhibits IκB kinase (IKK) activity, IκBα phosphorylation, and the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Vitamin K₂ may have a role in bone metabolism.¹

1.Plaza, S.M., and Lamson, D.W.Vitamin K2 in bone metabolism and osteoporosisAltern. Med. Rev.10(1)24-35(2005) 2.Shearer, M.J., and Newman, P.Metabolism and cell biology of vitamin KThromb. Haemost.100(4)530-547(2008) 3.Okano, T., Shimomura, Y., Yamane, M., et al.Conversion of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) into menaquinone-4 (vitamin K2) in mice: Two possible routes for menaquinone-4 accumulation in cerebra of miceJ. Biol. Chem.283(17)11270-11279(2008) 4.Ozaki, I., Zhang, H., Mizuta, T., et al.Menatetrenone, a vitamin K2 analogue, inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth by suppressing cyclin D1 expression through inhibition of nuclear factor κB activationClin. Cancer Res.13(7)2236-2245(2007)

Protocol

Cell experiment:

Caco-2 cells are plated at a density of 2-5 × 104 cells/cm2 onto a 35-mm dish. Cells are incubated for 2 to 3 days until 60%-70% confluency, and desired concentrations of Menaquinone-4 (0, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 μM) are added. The final concentration of the vehicle is 0.1% of the culture medium, and the culture medium is changed twice a week. Cells are assayed on days 0, 3, 7, and 11 after the addition of Menaquinone-4[1].

Animal experiment:

Forty-two male, 4-week-old C57BL/6J mice provided with feed and drink ad libitum. For environmental adaptation, the animals had 1 week of circulation, and then are provided with the experimental diet after being randomly divided into 6 groups (7 animals in each group; randomized block design). The AIN-93G diets consist of a normal diet (N), normal diet + vitamin K1 (N-K1), normal diet + vitamin Menaquinone-4 (N-K2), 45% high-fat diet (HF), 45% high-fat diet + vitamin K1 (HF-K1), and a 45% high-fat diet + vitamin Menaquinone-4 (HF-K2). The vitamin K1 and vitamin Menaquinone-4 contents are 200 mg/1,000 g, and the diet is provided in pellet form. Body weight is measured once a week, and the food efficiency ratio (FER) is calculated by dividing the increased body weight from day 1 to the final day by the food intake amount during the experiment period. For fat amount measurement, the epididymal fat, perirenal fat, and retroperitoneal fat are extracted from dead animal subjects, are washed with 0.9% NaCl, dried by filter paper, and then are weighed[2].

参考文献:

[1]. Noda S, et al. Menaquinone-4 (vitamin K2) up-regulates expression of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase in Caco-2 cells. Nutr Res. 2016 Nov;36(11):1269-1276.
[2]. Kim M, et al. Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone-4) supplementation improves bone formation in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2013 Sep;53(2):108-13.