Background
Arachidonic acid is an essential unsaturated fatty acid, found in animal and human fats, as well as in liver, brain and glandular organs. It is one of the phospholipids in animals. It is a precursor to the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Arachidonic acid is an important factor in cell signaling and the occurrence of inflammation[1-3].
Arachidonic acid(0-40 μM; 3min) stimulates protein tyrosine phosphorylation in vascular cells[4]. Arachidonic acid (3.3μM;24h) supports EB formation and protects EBs from Valproic acid (VA)-induced embryotoxicity[5].
Arachidonic acid (1-4mg/kg; i.g.; once daily for 3weeks) treatment has resulted in a significant down-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers as well as the COX pathway and up-regulation of 12/15-LOX has been observed in obesity mice[6].Arachidonic acid+ diet could prevent amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposition through the alteration of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in Tg2576 mice[7].
参考文献:
[1]. Tallima H, El Ridi R. Arachidonic acid: Physiological roles and potential health benefits - A review. J Adv Res. 2017 Nov 24;11:33-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.11.004. PMID: 30034874; PMCID: PMC6052655.
[2]. Wang B, Wu L,et,al. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021 Feb 26;6(1):94. doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00443-w. PMID: 33637672; PMCID: PMC7910446.
[3]. Turolo S, Edefonti A, et,al. Role of Arachidonic Acid and Its Metabolites in the Biological and Clinical Manifestations of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 21;22(11):5452. doi: 10.3390/ijms22115452. PMID: 34064238; PMCID: PMC8196840.
[4]. Buckley BJ, Whorton AR. Arachidonic acid stimulates protein tyrosine phosphorylation in vascular cells. Am J Physiol. 1995 Dec;269(6 Pt 1):C1489-95. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.6.C1489. PMID: 8572178.
[5]. Nihad M, Sen U, et,al. Arachidonic acid modulates the cellular energetics of human pluripotent stem cells and protects the embryoid bodies from embryotoxicity effects in vitro. Reprod Toxicol. 2023 Sep;120:108438. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108438. Epub 2023 Jul 16. PMID: 37454977.
[6]. Roy S, Ripon MAR, et,al. Arachidonic acid supplementation attenuates adipocyte inflammation but not adiposity in high fat diet induced obese mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022 Jun 11;608:90-95. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.089. Epub 2022 Mar 29. PMID: 35397428.
[7]. Hosono T, Nishitsuji K, et,al. Arachidonic acid diet attenuates brain Aβ deposition in Tg2576 mice. Brain Res. 2015 Jul 10;1613:92-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Apr 13. PMID: 25881896.
花生四烯酸Arachidonic acid 是一种必需的不饱和脂肪酸,存在于动物和人类脂肪中,也存在于肝脏、大脑和腺体器官中。它是动物体内磷脂的一种。它是前列腺素和白三烯生物合成的前体。花生四烯酸也是细胞信号传导和炎症发生的重要因子[1-3]。
花生四烯酸(0-40 μM; 3min)刺激血管细胞中的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化[4]。花生四烯酸 (3.3μM;24h)支持胚状体形成并保护胚状体免受丙戊酸(VA)诱导的胚胎毒性[5]。
花生四烯酸处理(1-4mg/kg; i.g.; once daily for 3weeks)导致肥胖小鼠的促炎标志物和COX通路显著下调,12/15-LOX上调[6]。花生四烯酸饮食可通过改变Tg2576小鼠的淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)加工来阻止淀粉样β蛋白Aβ沉积[7]。
Protocol
| Cell experiment [1]: |
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Cell lines
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Embryoid bodies (EBs)
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Preparation Method
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Embryoid bodies (EBs) were seeded in 24-well plates and treated with various concentrations of Arachidonic acid alone, Valproic acid (VA) alone and VA in combination with 3.3 μM Arachidonic acid.
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Reaction Conditions
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3.3μM;24h
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Applications
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Arachidonic acid supports EB formation and protects EBs from Valproic acid (VA)-induced embryotoxicity.
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| Animal experiment [2]: |
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Animal models
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Swiss Albino male mice (feeding high-fat diets to induce obesity)
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Preparation Method
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Mice groups were divided into three groups. Two groups of mice received two different doses of AA, which were 1 mg/kg of body weight named Low Arachidonic Acid (LAA) and 4 mg/kg of body weight named Moderate Arachidonic Acid (MAA) once daily through oral gavage, along with HFD(high-fat diets). The remaining obese group of mice was continued with HFD.
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Dosage form
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1-4mg/kg; i.g; once daily for 3weeks
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Applications
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Arachidonic acid treatment has resulted in a significant down-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers as well as the COX pathway in obesity mice.
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参考文献:
[1]. Nihad M, Sen U, et,al. Arachidonic acid modulates the cellular energetics of human pluripotent stem cells and protects the embryoid bodies from embryotoxicity effects in vitro. Reprod Toxicol. 2023 Sep;120:108438. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108438. Epub 2023 Jul 16. PMID: 37454977.
[2]. Roy S, Ripon MAR, et,al. Arachidonic acid supplementation attenuates adipocyte inflammation but not adiposity in high fat diet induced obese mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022 Jun 11;608:90-95. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.089. Epub 2022 Mar 29. PMID: 35397428.
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