Pyrogallol

A natural oxidant

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货号: ajce49024
CAS: 87-66-1
别名: 邻苯三酚
分子式: C6H6O3
分子量: 126.11
纯度: >98%
溶解度: DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (792.96 mM);Water : 50 mg/mL (396.48 mM)
储存: Store at RT
库存: 现货

Background

Pyrogallol is a natural oxidant that can generate superoxide (O₂^-) in alkaline solutions through autoxidation to a semiquinone radical.¹ Importantly, the semiquinone radical can react with O₂^- in an acidic environment to produce a quinone and H₂O₂.¹ Pyrogallol autoxidation is used in superoxide dismutase activity assays.¹ It can also be used in assays to assess antioxidant capacity.^2,3 Pyrogallol is used in some biological systems as an O₂^- scavenger.⁴ In other biological systems, it is used as an O₂^- generator.^5,6 Pyrogallol effectively scavenges DPPH radical and ABTS⁺ in vitro.⁷ Pyrogallol is a product of tannin degradation to gallic acid by ruminant microbes and has hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in vivo.⁸

1.Magnani, L., Gaydou, E.M., and Hubaud, J.C.Spectrophotometric measurement of antioxidant properties of flavones and flavonols against superoxide anionAnal. Chim. Acta411209-216(2000) 2.Li, X.Improved pyrogallol autoxidation method: A reliable and cheap superoxide-scavenging assay suitable for all antioxidantsJ. Agric. Food. Chem.60(25)6418-6424(2012) 3.Chang, C.S., Chang, C.L., and Lai, G.H.Reactive oxygen species scavenging activities in a chemiluminescence model and neuroprotection in rat pheochromocytoma cells by astaxanthin,βcarotene, and canthaxanthinKaohsiung J. Med. Sci.29(8)412-421(2013) 4.Wang.T., Lin, H., Tu, Q., et al.Fisetin protects DNA against oxidative damage and its possible mechanismAdv. Pharm. Bull.6(2)267-270(2016) 5.Sindler, A.L., Reyes, R., Chen, B., et al.Age and exercise training alter signaling through reactive oxygen species in the endothelium of skeletal muscle arteriolesJ. Appl. Physiol.114(5)681-693(2013) 6.Moreno-Manzano, V., Ishikawa, Y., Lucio-Cazana, J., et al.Selective involvement of superoxide anion, but not downstream compounds hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, in tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis of rat mesangial cellsJ. Biol. Chem.275(17)12684-12691(2000) 7.Mathew, S., Abraham, T.E., and Zakaria, Z.A.Reactivity of phenolic compounds towards free radicals under in vitro conditionsJ. Food. Sci. Technol.52(9)5790-5798(2015) 8.Reed, J.D.Nutritional toxicology of tannins and related polyphenols in forage legumesJ. Anim. Sci.73(5)1516-1528(1995)

Protocol

Cell experiment:

Briefly, 5×103 HPF cells per well in 96-well microtiter plates are exposed to 0, 50 or 100 μM Pyrogallol with or without each MAPK inhibitor at 37°C for 24 h. Changes in cell viability induced by Pyrogallol and/or a given MAPK inhibitor are determined by measuring the MTT; dye absorbance[1].

参考文献:

[1]. Han BR, et al. MAPK inhibitors enhance cell death in pyrogallol-treated human pulmonary fibroblast cells via increasing O2?- levels. Oncol Lett. 2017 Jul;14(1):1179-1185.