Menaquinone-7 (Vitamin K2-7)|2124-57-4|安捷凯

Background

Menaquinone-7 (Vitamin K2-7), a highly valuable member of the vitamin K series, has significant effects on preventing osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease besides its positive effects on blood coagulation ^[1].

Menaquinone-7 (10 μM) treated MC3T3E1 cells for 24, 48, 96 and 240 h, no statistical differences at 24, 48 and 96 h, the growth of MK-7 treated cells was significantly suppressed at 240 h. Menaquinone-7 increased osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and RANKL mRNA expression in osteoblastic MC3T3E cells ^[2]. After 24 h of Menaquinone-7 administration, genes upregulated by Menaquinone-7 included tenascin C and BMP2. Genes downregulated by Menaquinone-7 administration included biglycan and butyrophilin ^[3]. Menaquinone-7 (1 μM) increases alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content in femoral-metaphyseal tissues isolated from normal and skeletal-unloaded rats ^[4]. Menaquinone-7 (10 μM) promotes osteoblast maturation thereby increasing osteogenic differentiation ^[5].

Menaquinone-7 increased The bone formation marker osteocalcin (OC), which is the bone formation marker ^[6]. Menaquinone-7 (200 mg/1,000 g fed with diets) supplementation decreases the bone resorption index and increases the bone formation index, balancing bone metabolism, and is considered to prevent bone loss ^[6].

参考文献:
[1]. Mahdinia E, Demirci A, Berenjian A. Production and application of menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2): a new perspective[J]. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017, 33(1): 1-7.
[2]. Katsuyama H, Otsuki T, Tomita M, et al. Menaquinone-7 regulates the expressions of osteocalcin, OPG, RANKL and RANK in osteoblastic MC3T3E1 cells[J]. International journal of molecular medicine, 2005, 15(2): 231-236.
[3]. Katsuyama H, Saijoh K, Otsuki T, et al. Menaquinone-7 regulates gene expression in osteoblastic MC3T3E1 cells[J]. International journal of molecular medicine, 2007, 19(2): 279-284.
[4]. Ehara Y, Takahashi H, Hanahisa Y, et al. Effect of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) on bone metabolism in the femoral-metaphyseal tissues of normal and skeletal-unloaded rats: enhancement with zinc[J]. Research in experimental medicine, 1996, 196(1): 171-178.
[5]. Akbulut A C, Wasilewski G B, Rapp N, et al. Menaquinone-7 supplementation improves osteogenesis in pluripotent stem cell derived mesenchymal stem cells[J]. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021, 8: 618760.
[6]. Brown J P, Malaval L, Chapuy M C, et al. Serum bone Gla-protein: a specific marker for bone formation in postmenopausal osteoporosis[J]. The Lancet, 1984, 323(8386): 1091-1093.

Protocol

Cell experiment [1]:

Cell lines

Primary astrocytes

Preparation Method

The astrocytes were divided into the pretreatment group and no pretreatment group. In the pretreatment group, the astrocytes were pretreated for 30 h with Menaquinone-7 concentrations (10, 50, 100, and 150 μM) with 10% FBS in DMEM/F12. They were then maintained under either normoxic (5% CO2 /95% air, 37°C) or hypoxic (5% CO2 /95% N2, 37°C) conditions for different time intervals. The culture medium was changed to glucose-free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium without FBS before incubating the astrocytes under hypoxic onditions. Hypoxia was induced by incubating the astrocytes using the hypoxic workstation.

Reaction Conditions

10, 50, 100, and 150 μM for 30 h

Applications

Pretreatment with Menaquinone-7 did not cause these apparent morphological alterations in these astrocytes. the morphological alterations in astrocytes pretreated with Menaquinone-7 were reduced and the number of adherent astrocytes signif?icantly increased under hypoxic conditions.

Animal experiment [2]:

Animal models

4-week-old C57BL/6J male mice

Preparation Method

The AIN-93G diets consisted of a normal diet (N), normal diet + vitamin K1 (N-K1), normal diet + Menaquinone-7 (N-K2), 45% high-fat diet (HF), 45% high-fat diet + vitamin K1 (HF-K1), and a 45% high-fat diet + Menaquinone-7 (HF-K2). The vitamin K1 and Menaquinone-7 contents were 200 mg/1,000 g, and the diet was provided in pellet form. Food intake amount was measured every other day. Body weight was measured once a week, and the food efficiency ratio (FER) was calculated by dividing the increased body weight from day1 to the final day by the food intake amount during the experiment period.

Dosage form

200 mg/1,000 g fed with AIN-93G diets

Applications

Osteocalcin (OC) level of HF groups which were supplemented with vitamin K1 or Menaquinone-7, was higher than that in the HF diet-only group , type I collagen Ctelopeptide (CTx) was lower in the vitamin K-supplemented HF groups than the HF diet-only group.

参考文献:

[1]: Yang R Y, Pan J Y, Chen Y, et al. Menaquinone-7 protects astrocytes by regulating mitochondrial function and inflammatory response under hypoxic conditions[J]. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci, 2020, 24: 10181-10193.
[2]: Kim M, Na W, Sohn C. Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone-4) supplementation improves bone formation in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice[J]. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 2013: 13-25.