Background
MRX-2843 is an inhibitor of Mer and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3; IC50s = 1.3 and 1 nM, respectively).1 It also inhibits Axl and Tyro3 (IC50s = 15 and 17 nM, respectively). MRX-2843 (10-300 nM) inhibits Mer phosphorylation in MOLM-14 and MV4-11 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and reduces clonal expansion of Kasumi-1 AML cells (IC50 = 143.5 nM).2 In vivo, MRX-2843 increases survival in NOMO-1 and MOLM-14 AML mouse xenograft models when administered at doses of 65 and 50 mg/kg, respectively.
1.Zhang, W., DeRychere, D., Hunter, D., et al.UNC2025, a potent and orally bioavailable MER/FLT3 dual inhibitorJ. Med. Chem.57(16)7031-7041(2014)
2.Minson, K.A., Smith, C.C., DeRyckere, D., et al.The MERTK/FLT3 inhibitor MRX-2843 overcomes resistance-conferring FLT3 mutations in acute myeloid leukemiaJCI Insight1(3)e85630(2016)
Protocol
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Cell experiment:
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Cell lines are cultured (10,000 cells/sample) in 0.35% Noble agar on a 0.5% Noble agar base layer and overlaid with cRPMI containing kinase inhibitor (including MRX-2843) or vehicle. The overlying medium is replaced 2 to 3 times per week, and vehicle treatment is assessed in duplicate. After 14 days or 21 days (Kasumi-1 cells only), colonies are stained with 1 mg/mL nitrotetrazolium blue for 4 hours and counted using a colony counter. Mononuclear cells are isolated from human cord blood and samples from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Patient samples are cultured in triplicate at a density of 1×106 cells/mL in MethoCult H4434 Classic Methylcellulose-Based Medium with Recombinant Cytokines for Human Cells containing MRX-2843 or vehicle. Colonies are counted after 10 days using the colony counter. Cord blood cells are incubated for 1 hour in serum-free Iscove’s modified Dulbecco’s medium (IMDM) supplemented with BIT 9500 Serum Substitute, low-density lipoproteins, and 2-ME, and then cultured in triplicate at a density of 2×106 cells/mL in Methocult H4434 methylcellulose containing MRX-2843 or vehicle. Colonies are manually counted in a blinded manner after 14 days[1].
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Animal experiment:
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Mice are used in this study. Established leukemia cell lines or mononuclear cells isolated from samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (1×106 to 2.5×106 per mouse) are suspended in PBS and injected into the tail veins of mice to establish xenografts. All mice are 4 to 6 months of age at the time of injection and are male, with the exception of the NOMO-1, MOLM-14:D835Y, and MOLM-14:F691L NSG xenografts, which are established in female mice. Myeloblasts are detected in peripheral blood (patient-derived xenografts) or bone marrow (MOLM-14 xenografts) samples after staining with a FITC-conjugated anti-human CD45 Ab. Samples are analyzed by flow cytometry using a Gallios flow cytometer and Kaluza software. After engraftment, the mice are weighed and treated once daily with MRX-2843, quizartinib, or vehicle administered by oral gavage in a volume of 10 mL/kg. When mice appear ill or lost more than 20% of their body weight, they are euthanized[1].
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参考文献:
[1]. Minson KA, et al. The MERTK/FLT3 inhibitor MRX-2843 overcomes resistance-conferring FLT3 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. JCI Insight. 2016 Mar;1(3):e85630.
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