Background
NBI 74330 is a chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3) antagonist (Ki = 3.6 nM in a radioligand binding assay).1 It inhibits calcium mobilization induced by chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) or CXCL11 in RBL cells expressing human CXCR3 (IC50 = 7 nM for both). NBI 74330 inhibits CXCL11-induced chemotaxis of CXCR3-expressing H9 cells and PHA and IL-2 differentiated T cells (IC50s = 3.9 and 6.6 nM, respectively). In vivo, NBI 74330 (100 mg/kg) reduces peritoneal lymphocyte migration in a mouse model of peritonitis.2 It reduces the size and number of aortic arch atherosclerotic lesions in Ldlr-/- mice. NBI 74330 reduces spinal cord microglial activation and levels of CXCL4, CXCL9, and CXCL10 and decreases thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain.3
1.Heise, C.E., Pahuja, A., Hudson, S.C., et al.Pharmacological characterization of CXC chemokine receptor 3 ligands and a small molecule antagonistJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.313(3)1263-1271(2005)
2.van Wanrooij, E.J., de Jager, S.C., van Es, T., et al.CXCR3 antagonist NBI-74330 attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation in LDL receptor-deficient miceArterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.28(2)251-257(2007)
3.Piotrowska, A., Rojewska, E., Pawlik, K., et al.Pharmacological blockade of CXCR3 by (±)-NBI-74330 reduces neuropathic pain and enhances opioid effectiveness - evidence from in vivo and in vitro studiesBiochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis.1864(10)3418-3437(2018)
Protocol
Kinase experiment: | Cell membrane fractions are resuspended in 50 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCl2, 100 mM NaCl, and 1 mM CaCl2, pH 7.2 for use in competitive radioligand binding reactions. Reactions are performed in duplicate and consisted of 25-μL unlabeled chemokine at indicated concentrations, 25-μL radiolabeled chemokine ligand (appr 70 nM; [125I]CXCL11 and [125I]CXCL10 with specific activities of 1500 and 2200 Ci/mmol, respectively; Fifty-μL membrane protein (5 μg) are added sequentially in assay buffer (50 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCl2, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM CaCl2, and 0.1% BSA, pH 7.2) to low-binding 96-well plates. The reaction is allowed to reach equilibrium by incubation at room temperature for 45 min while shaking. The amount of bound radioligand is determined by harvesting membranes via filtration through a UniFilter GF/C filter plate using a UniFilter-96 vacuum manifold (filters are pretreated with 1% polyethylenimine), washing twice with 400-μL wash buffer (10 mM HEPES, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM CaCl2, and 500 mM NaCl, pH 7.3), and measuring radioactivity by liquid scintillation using a TopCount NXT. The dissociation half-life of [125I]CXCL11 is measured using CXCR3-CHO membranes that are allowed to equilibrate with radiolabel (appr 70 nM) for 30 min prior to the addition of excess cold CXCL11 (31 nM final) in the presence or absence of different concentrations of NBI-74330. Membrane-bound [125I]CXCL11 is assessed in duplicate along with nonspecific binding ([125I]CXCL11 plus excess cold CXCL11 added at the same) and total binding ([125I]CXCL11 without inhibitors) at each time point on the same plate. |
Animal experiment: | Female LDLr?/? mice, 10 weeks old (n=8 to 12 per group), are fed a Western-type diet containing 0.25% cholesterol and 15% cocoa butter 2 weeks before collar placement. 20 Mice are treated with a subcutaneous injection of 100 mg/kg NBI-74330 every day during the entire experiment. After 8 weeks of Western-type diet and treatment, the mice are euthanized and organs are harvested for histology, fluorescence-activated-cell sorter (FACS) analysis, and RNA isolation. Blood samples are collected by tail bleeding from nonfasted animals, and concentrations of serum cholesterol and triglycerides are determined using enzymatic colorimetric procedures. |
参考文献: [1]. Heise CE, et al. Pharmacological characterization of CXC chemokine receptor 3 ligands and a small molecule antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Jun;313(3):1263-71.
[2]. Jopling LA, et al. Analysis of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of a small molecule CXCR3 antagonist, NBI-74330, using a murine CXCR3 internalization assay. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Dec;152(8):1260-71.
[3]. van Wanrooij EJ, et al. CXCR3 antagonist NBI-74330 attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation in LDL receptor-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Feb;28(2):251-7. |
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